دسته‌ها

WATER GOVERNANCE DECENTRALIZATION IN AFRICA: A FRAMEWORK FOR REFORM PROCESS AND PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

چکیده:

For long time water resources have been managed in a centralized manner where delivery of the full range of water resource management (WRM) activities was usually provided by national governments. Many problems have been associated with the centralized management approach. Inequality in access to water, limited financial and technical capacity at national and basin levels, poor infrastructure and service delivery, declining quality of river basin natural resources, limited stakeholders involvement in decision making, institutional fragmentation, uncoordinated sector policies, and increasing number of conflicts among stakeholders are examples of such problems (Easter and Heame, 1993; Swatuk, 2005).