تغییر اقلیم

چکیده: There is substantial evidence to indicate that significant global warming will occur during the 21st century. Because changes have been gradual so far, and are projected to be

چکیده: The ocean is a key element of the global climate system, but so far it has been relatively absent from discussions on climate change. For all of us

چکیده: Throughout the world we are witnessing the growing frequency of climatic anomalies such as flooding, storms, droughts or persistent forest and bush fires. They can have dramatic consequences

چکیده: The world of energy in 2013 echoed broader global  themes – such as emerging differences in global economic performance, geopolitical uncertainty and ongoing debates about the proper roles

چکیده: Indigenous peoples are among the first to face the direct consequences of climate change, owing to their dependence upon, and close relationship with the environment and its resources.

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چکیده: فزايش دماي جهان اثرات عميقي را بر پديده هاي اقليمي و در راس آن ها ميزان والگوهاي بارندگي در سراسر جهان خواهد داشـت . از اين رو هدف

چکیده: I review the literature on the economic impacts of climate change, an externality that is unprecedentedly large, complex, and uncertain. Only 14 estimates of the total damage cost

چکیده: The risks posed by climate change are real and its impacts are already taking place. The UN estimates that all but one of its emergency appeals for humanitarian

چکیده: Faced with the realities of a changing climate, decision makers in a wide variety of organizations are increasingly seeking quantitative climate predictions. Specifically, they require predictions of the

چکیده: Climate change projection is the term the IPCC Second Assessment Report (SAR) uses for model estimates of future climate. In that report, projections are presented in two forms:

چکیده: Why is it so difficult to change the energy policy status quo away from dependence on fossil fuels when the need to become less dependent on imported oil